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Vaccine hesitancy was found to be one of the top ten global health threats in 2019 by World Health Organization. Worldwide, more than 90% of countries have encountered vaccine hesitancy, which has notably jeopardized the implementation of vaccination campaigns. Some of the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy can be lack of confidence in information or lack of adequate information about the vaccine, misinformation from social media, and a fear of side effects. Widespread acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is extremely crucial in order to achieve sufficient immunization coverage to end this global pandemic. It is evident that the number of studies that have investigated COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in lower-income countries like India is quite low. We analyze COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Indian Scenario using the Twitter social media platform to ensure that these vaccines reach even the remotest of places, whether rural or urban, in India, while observing the results and outcomes of our research. We aim for accurate results and hope to help the Indian government in the process of making informed decisions for the vaccine-hesitant groups of India. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Dr. R. Dhaya and Dr. R. Kanthavel;individual chapters, the contributors.
ABSTRACT
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in the United States. Concomitant Covid-19 infection and the outcomes of AF are unknown. Objective(s): The study's goals were to analyze the outcomes of AF during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method(s): We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on the 2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) of Adults (>18 years) hospitalized for AF as the primary admitting diagnosis based on the ICD-10 codes and stratified these groups into concomitant covid-19 infection vs. non-covid-19 infection. All-cause mortality was our primary outcome, while the rate of ICU admission, length of stay, hospital charges were our secondary outcomes. Temporal trends were assessed using logistic regression. Result(s): In 2020, there were 1,994,985 admissions for atrial fibrillation, out of whom 104,495 (5.3%) had concomitant Covid-19. In the 104,495 AF admissions with covid-19, the mean age was 75y and 56.8% were males. Our results, image 1, showed AF with and without concomitant Covid-19 had similar rates of comorbid conditions including HTN, DM, OSA, CAD. HFrEF, and ESRD. AF patients with Covid-19 infection had a lower prevalence of smoking (31.83% vs. 39.4%, p<.001) and alcohol use (2% vs. 4.2%, p<.001). AF patients from both groups had similar rates of stroke (1.6% vs. 1.0%, p<.001). New AF patients with concomitant Covid-19 had worsening in-hospital outcomes such as shock (12.8% vs. 3.7%, p<.001), admission to the ICU (18.1% vs. 6.4%, p<0.001), higher all-cause mortality (21.8% vs. 3.9%, p<0.001), a longer length of stay (9.96 days vs 6.08 days, p<.001), and total hospital costs ($114,387 vs. $85,830, p<.0001). The incidence of AF catheter ablation on initial hospital admission for AF Covid-19 was lower compared to the AF non-covid-19 patients (.08% vs. 1.39%, p<.001). Conclusion(s): In 2020, Covid-19 infection was an independent predictor of higher all-cause mortality, length of stay, and costs in patients admitted for atrial fibrillation. In addition, these patients were less likely to get catheter ablation on hospital admission. [Formula presented]Copyright © 2023
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Food adulteration is an enduring concern to date, and its detection and food authentication are some of the major approaches which can eradicate adulteration. This article reviews modern analytical techniques which are currently used for optimization and identification of adulterants. The Analytical techniques reviewed are distributed in three sections- Computer vision, Spectral and spectral Imaging techniques, and Electrical Techniques. Computer vision is a very advanced technique, allowing the analysis of several parameters with accurate and precise results. The hazardous effect of adulteration and future challenges and impacts are briefly discussed. The Previous decade is considered to be a massive success for food adulterant detection as it involved a chemometrics study. The use of chemometrics with analytical techniques is briefly discussed. Chemometrics is the science of extracting information from the chemical system by data-driven means. The inevitability of food in perspective to the current COVID-19 pandemic is very strong and authenticated food is a prior requirement. Copyright © 2022 Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. All rights reserved.
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SESSION TITLE: Chest Infections Posters SESSION TYPE: Original Investigation Posters PRESENTED ON: October 18-21, 2020 PURPOSE: The pathophysiology of respiratory distress in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is not yet fully understood. Spontaneous pulmonary barotrauma (PBT) is a pulmonary complication typically seen in intubated patients. However, in the related viral epidemic of SARS in 2002, 6.6% to 15% of patients on non-invasive ventilation (NIV) were described to have developed PBT, with severe alveolar destruction as the suggested mechanism. Within the COVID-19 pandemic, isolated case studies have described bulla and PBT, and a systematic review of imaging has suggested PBT to be a sign of disease progression. METHODS: In this single center retrospective case series, two patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection who developed PBT on NIV were identified in a New York City hospital from March 2020 to April 2020 and were included in this study. RESULTS: Both the patients were non-smokers with no pre-existing lung disease. The first patient was a 58-year-old woman with a history of pemphigus vulgaris, and the second patient was a 69-year-old man with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both patients received treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, therapeutic anticoagulation, high dose steroids, and were enrolled in the hospital’s remdesivir trial. Both patients required oxygen therapy which included escalation from nasal cannula to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and both were encouraged to self-prone. The first patient was found to have a large left pneumothorax (PTX), pneumomediastinum (PM), and extensive subcutaneous emphysema (SE) on day 18 of hospitalization while on CPAP of 12 cm H2O, requiring surgical chest tube placement. The second patient developed a small left apical PTX, PM, and SE on day eight of hospitalization while on CPAP of 14 cm H2O, which was conservatively managed. Both patients eventually required intubation for worsening hypoxemia and later succumbed to their illness. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we identified two patients who developed PBT without being subjected to invasive ventilation or very high levels of PEEP. Both patients had poor outcomes, suggesting that COVID-19 may be associated with alveolar destruction, especially in the setting of steroid use. Glucocorticoid use may interfere with lung healing which could further increase the risk of alveolar rupture. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study encourages clinicians to have low threshold to suspect PBT in COVID-19 patients even while on NIV. Prospective studies are needed further to determine the utility of steroid use, given this potential risk for PBT and the clinical significance of our observations in COVID-19 patients. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Kirtipal Bhatia, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Joseph Ghassibi, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Julia Goldberg, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Yasmin Herrera, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Kam Sing Ho, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Vivek Modi, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Archana Pattupara, source=Web Response